2011年9月19日 星期一

螺旋藻的培養方法

     螺旋藻是一種最古老的光合自養型微型藻,因其在顯微鏡下呈螺旋狀而得名。這種古老的海洋生物,喜高溫(2530)、高堿(pH811)的生長環境,特別是它不僅營養最豐富、最全面、最均衡,是地球上名副其實的營養冠軍,而且高光效,適應性強,生長週期極短,繁殖極快,產量特高,人工養殖效益特佳。 


    養殖條件。養殖螺旋藻最重要的條件是光照、溫度、培養液和通風等。培養液的pH值、深度、流動、排氧及營養元素的合理供給,都是影響產量的重要因素。因此,培養池應建在水質好、光照條件適宜、場地寬闊的地方,pH值範圍為711,最好是89;水深在0.20.3之間;水溫1838,最好在2632 
    養殖品種。目前國內外主要養殖品種是鈍頂螺旋藻(原產非洲查德湖)和極大螺旋藻(原產墨西哥)。我國藻類學家在河北省黃驊縣沿海發現適於溫帶生長的螺旋藻自然變異品系,經鑒定為鈍頂螺旋藻品系6(S6);我國又從乍得引進鈍頂螺旋藻品系1(S1);我國還培育出螺旋藻ST6品系和鹽澤螺旋藻。這些品種(品系)都可因地制宜地予以選用,其中鹽澤螺旋藻是適應高溫、鹽水和海水生殖的藻種。 
    
    養殖方式。 
    1.家庭養殖:可以選購螺旋藻家庭培養儀,也可自選搪瓷盆(最好全白色)或缸缽,但鋁盆不能用。養殖規模應以人年耗用螺旋藻量而定。 
    2.簡易養殖:主要是指設備簡單,養殖池可以就地取材,只要不漏水就行。池深30釐米,面積應盡可能大一些。 
    3.天然湖泊養殖:螺旋藻原本是自然生長在鹹水湖泊中的原始藻,利用天然湖泊養殖是最原始,也是最經濟的生產方式。其對設備要求很低,只需在打澇和加工上投資,湖水的肥力可以由其自然恢復。但由於螺旋藻對光照、溫度、pH值等有特殊要求,不是所有湖泊都能養殖,而應通過實驗、研究,選擇適宜其生殖的湖泊進行養殖。 
    4.工廠化養殖:設備先進,要求嚴格。當前,養殖池以跑道式橢圓形水泥池為好,養殖面積最好是1.5萬平方米為一單元。可採用開放式培養,也可進行封閉式生產。開放式培養是一種接近自然的生產方式,分淡水制、海水制,多數培養池都設計成可迴圈式,用攪拌機攪動,培養液的深度為15釐米~25釐米,以日光為光源和熱源。封閉式生產是指在一密閉的生物反應器內借助自然光或人工光照進行工廠化繁殖螺旋藻的一種生產方式。 
    養殖流程。螺旋藻需要的營養元素除氮、磷、鉀外,最大的需求量是碳源(CO2)。其主要營養鹽配方為小蘇打、食鹽、硫酸鉀、硫酸鎂、硝酸鈉、氯化鈣、亞硫酸鐵等。其生產過程為:藻種培養池(原原種)→一級培養→二級培養→生產池→採收→沖洗→脫水→噴霧乾燥→殺菌→檢驗→包裝→入庫→藥品級、食品級(或脫水→自然乾燥→飼料級) 
    敵害防治。螺旋藻養殖中出現的污染生物種類很多,危害最大的是能在藻液中迅速大量繁殖的種類,如大型的輪蟲可直接吞食藻細胞,敵害生物分泌的代謝產物對藻細胞的毒害作用極大。對敵害生物應以預防為主,要嚴格防止污染,保持培養藻類的生長優勢和數量優勢,保持藻類的良好生長,並做好藻種分離、保存及供應工作;同時,也要及時做好防治工作,可用過濾方法清除大型敵害生物,可用藥物抑制或殺滅敵害生物,還可改變環境條件抑制或殺滅敵害生物。

download:Spirulina(論文:光生物反應器中螺旋藻培養條件的優化) 

螺旋藻室內養殖

This is an experiment to test what's the best PH to grow Scenedesmus. The test was done with 6 plastic bottles, using 1,25 Litres of tap water, some anti-chlorine, some drops of micro nutrients, phosphates and nitrates, and most important of all, different amounts of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to have different PH values. This is the video of the 4th day since I began the experiment. Initially I used 1,25 Litres of water, and 0,1 Litres of a dense algae (Scenedesmus) which I grew in an erlenmeyer.
The results show that the best PH values are between 9,25 and 10,10. The temperature of the water during the day reached the 36°C. The air pumps were switched on 24 hours a day, and I did not add any extra CO2. The only CO2 used was the one in the air. My next experiments will try to determine the best rate of CO2 injection per litre, best light intensity and wave lengths, best combination of phosphates and nitrates (nutrients), and optimum temperature.

This is how my Spirulina samples look in the microscope. Sorry for all the camera movement. I recorded it with my cell phone and it was difficult to keep focus on the microscope lens. I will try and buy a special camera so future recordings have better quality. I don't remember the zoom size of the microscope. I do know it has 1600x, but I was using the 3rd magnitude (it has a 4th level of zooming which I usually use for scenedesmus which is smaller)


This experiment is done to test exposure of water to sunlight and balance of nutrients, pH, temperature for the purpose of raising fish food and ultimately people food. To properly raise spirulina and process for human consumption several steps must be taken; the pH must be high enough that it kills other toxic forms of algae, the algae is filtered from the water, then UV heated and dried. Spirulina is a superfood and it's protein / amino acid profile surpasses eggs, it has zero cholesteral and an excellent mix of fatty acids. Spirulina has 10x more carotene than carrots and is used in developing countries to reverse malnourishment and save lives.

Make Algae Biodiesel at Home
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Nf3M68S3ec&list=PL4ABDB07CE7018BC3&index=4

Making Algae Biodiesel at Home is the quickest and easiest way to learn about algae biodiesel. Inside this comprehensive work you'll get over 700 pages of gold-mine info. Absolutely everything anyone interested in algae biodiesel would need.
http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/making-algae-biodiesel.html

Spirulina youtube 專題
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4ABDB07CE7018BC3

螺旋藻首页 >> 螺旋藻养殖技术
http://www.sd1861.com/duoyangzhijishu1.htm

藻類生質能源(一)序論

藻類生質能源(二)常見藻種介紹

藻類生質能源(三)藻類培養

藻類生質能源(四)收集技術

藻類生質能源(五)燃料轉換方式

藻類生質能源(六)結語

螺旋藻人工养殖与加工
http://sannong.cntv.cn/program/nongguangtd/20101109/104052.shtml


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