若其中一個並聯元件固定,而另一個從斷路轉換為短路,則這些等式會在 Rs/Xs 串聯層形成圓圈。其中的差異可能是由於元件值改變,也可能是因為隨頻率變化的元件阻抗。圖二顯示此差異的範例;X 軸代表串聯電阻,Y 軸代表串聯電抗 (reactancne) 。
其中共有兩個圓圈,一個代表恆定並聯電阻,另一個代表恆定電抗。恆定電阻的線條沿著 X 軸呈現對稱。電抗為近開路(near open circuit)時,阻抗等於並聯電阻。由於電抗降低,曲線路徑沿著圓圈趨近原點,在電感分量(inductive component)時為正,而在電容分量(capacitive component) 時為負。由於電抗降低,曲線趨近零。在並聯電阻 1/2 處,以 X 軸為圓心形成圓圈,其半徑相同。
另外必須注意原點和圓圈上某點相連,所形成的斜率便是電路的Q。 Q最小值出現時,並聯電抗的值增加,而 Q 最大值出現時,並聯電抗的值減少。顯示此圓圈可以表示並聯諧振 (resonant) L-C-R 電路的阻抗。參考恆定並聯 R 曲線,在低頻率下,電感阻抗較小,於原點開始。
隨著頻率上升,阻抗在第一個 1/4 圓圈內為正,直到電容電抗等於諧振電感反應 (X 軸上的 1)。然後,您轉入第二個 1/4 圓圈,並繞圓圈繼續。第二條曲線表示固定電抗和並聯可變電阻的阻抗圓圈。與恆定 R 曲線形狀相同,但以 Y 軸為圓心。
設計人員必須估算電感DC、電阻(DCR)和電容等效串聯電阻(ESR),對於電源濾波器輸出阻抗影響的程度,如圖三所示。輸出阻抗在諧振時達到最高,因此須先計算出濾波器諧振頻率;然後對電感 DCR 組合和電容 ESR 組合,進行串聯並聯轉換。最後組合三個已並聯的並聯電阻。
例如,若有0 Ohm ESR 的47uF 陶瓷電容,以及50mOhm DCR 的 10 閾輸出電感,諧振頻率為7kHz。在此一頻率下,電感有0.4Ohm 的電抗,得到Q 為 8,而並聯電阻為 3 Ohm。還有一種更快速的方法是將特性阻抗(characteristic impatence)((L/C)0.5) 用於諧振下的電感電抗。
請下載PDF文件,以閱讀完整文章。
作者:Robert Kollman / 德州儀器(TI)
Series - Parallel Impedance Conversion Calculator
http://www.daycounter.com/Calculators/Parallel-Series-Imedance-Conversion-Calculator.phtml
http://www.multek.se/engelska/engineering/signal-management-2/series-to-parallel-impedance-conversion-calculator-2
教學聯結:
瀏覽器必需安裝java 2.0(若無法聯結可用google chrom下載 Google Chrome )
http://www.amanogawa.com/index.html
並聯諧振:http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/RLCParallel/RLCParallel.html
串聯諧振:http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/RLCSeries/RLCSeries.html
smith chart:http://www.amanogawa.com/archive/DoubleStub/DoubleStub.html
電源設計經驗談1-50:http://www.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/sg/zhcc344/zhcc344.pdf
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